The neuron circuit pattern involved in breathing is primarily regulated by a specialized area in the brainstem known as the medulla oblongata. This area contains clusters of neurons called the respiratory center, which control the rhythm and pattern of breathing. The two main components of the medullary respiratory center are the dorsal respiratory group (DRG) and the ventral respiratory group (VRG).
- Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG): The DRG is responsible for generating the basic rhythm of breathing. It contains neurons that fire rhythmically to initiate inhalation. When these neurons are active, they send signals to the muscles involved in inhalation, such as the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.
- Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG): The VRG plays a role in both inhalation and exhalation. It contains neurons that can further modulate the breathing pattern and depth. During normal breathing, the VRG helps to augment the activity of the DRG and control the transition between inhalation and exhalation.
Additionally, other parts of the brain can influence the breathing pattern, such as the pons, which contains the pontine respiratory group (PRG). The PRG helps to fine-tune the breathing rhythm and can modify the rate and depth of breathing based on various factors, including changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
The interaction between these different respiratory centers ensures the coordinated and rhythmic pattern of breathing, allowing the body to maintain proper oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
